Brunei, (
IPA: [bru·ˈnaʲ]) officially the State of Brunei, Abode of Peace (
Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam,
Jawi: برني دارالسلام ), is a country located on the
island of
Borneo, in
Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the
South China Sea it is completely surrounded by the state of
Sarawak,
East Malaysia. Brunei, the remnant of a very powerful
sultanate, regained its independence from the
United Kingdom on
1 January 1984.
History
Main article:
History of BruneiThe
Sultanate of Brunei was very powerful from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century CE. Its realm covered the whole island of
Borneo and the southwestern
Philippines.
European influence gradually brought an end to this
regional power. Later, there was a brief war with
Spain, in which Brunei was victorious. The decline of the
Bruneian Empire culminated in the nineteenth century when Brunei lost much of its territory to the
White Rajahs of
Sarawak, resulting in its current small landmass and separation into two parts. Brunei was a
British protectorate from 1888 to 1984.
There was a small
rebellion against the
monarchy during the 1960s, which was suppressed by the
United Kingdom. This event became known as the
Brunei Revolt and was partly responsible for the failure to create the
North Borneo Federation. The rebellion also affected Brunei's decision to opt out of the
Malaysian Federation and was the first stage of the
Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation.
Politics and government
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neutrality of this section is
disputed.Please see the discussion on the
talk page.
Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei.
Main article:
Politics of BruneiSultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, whose
title has passed within the same dynasty since the fifteenth century, is the head of state and head of government in Brunei. The Sultan is advised by several
councils and a cabinet of
ministers although he is effectively the supreme ruler. The
media is extremely pro-government and the Royal family retains a venerated status within the country. There is no elected
legislative body. In September 2004, the Sultan convened an appointed
Parliament which had not met since independence in 1984, although it lacks any capacity beyond advising the monarch.
The country has been under hypothetical
martial law since a rebellion in the early 1960s was put down by
British troops from
Singapore.
Brunei claims territory in
Sarawak, such as
Limbang, and it is one of many nations to lay claim to the disputed
Spratly Islands. Several small islands situated between Brunei and
Labuan, including
Kuraman island, are contested between Brunei and Malaysia. However, they are internationally recognised as part of the latter.
Administrative divisions
Districts of Brunei.
Main article:
Districts of BruneiBrunei is divided into
four districts (daerah):
BelaitBrunei and MuaraTemburongTutongThe districts are subdivided into thirty-eight
mukims.
Geography
Main article:
Geography of BruneiBrunei consists of two unconnected parts. 97% of the population lives in the larger western part, while only about 10,000 live in the mountainous eastern part (the district of
Temburong). The total population of Brunei is 383,000, of which around 46,000 live in the capital
Bandar Seri Begawan. Some major towns are the capital Bandar Seri Begawan, the port town
Muara, the oil producing town of
Seria and its neighboring town,
Kuala Belait. In the
Belait district, the
Panaga area is home to large numbers of expatriates due to
Royal Dutch Shell and British Army housing and recreational facilities. The well-known
Panaga Club is situated here.
The climate in Brunei is equatorial tropical, with high temperatures, high humidity, sunshine and heavy rainfall throughout the year.
Economy
Main article:
Economy of BruneiThis small, wealthy
economy is a mixture of
foreign and
domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation,
welfare measures, and
village tradition. Crude
oil and
natural gas production account for nearly half of its
GDP. Substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all
medical services and subsidizes
rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal
social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as
chairman for the 2000
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. Stated plans for the future include upgrading the
labour force, reducing
unemployment, strengthening the
banking and
tourism sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base. The national airline,
Royal Brunei is trying to make Brunei a hub for international travel between Europe and Australia/New Zealand. It also has services to major Asian destinations.
Transportation
Main article:
Transport in BruneiBrunei is accessible via sea and land travel. The main highway running across Brunei is the
Pan Borneo Highway, which is a joint project with
Malaysia. Besides the Pan Borneo Highway, Brunei can be accessed by air through
Brunei International Airport.
Royal Brunei is the main airline company in Brunei.
Brunei has several
sea ports, mainly to export its petroleum products, as well as for import/export purposes.
Demographics
Main article:
Demographics of BruneiSee also:
Islam in BruneiAbout two-thirds of the Brunei population are of
Malay origin and have long dominated the nation's economy. The official
languages of the nation are
Malay (Malay: Bahasa Melayu) and
English, although an important minority speak
Chinese.
English is also widely spoken and there is a relatively large
expatriate community with significant numbers of British and Australian citizens.
Islam is the official
religion of Brunei, and the sultan is the head of the religion in the country. Other faiths practised are
Buddhism (mainly by the Chinese),
Christianity, and primarily in isolated and very small communities,
indigenous religions.
Culture
Main article:
Culture of BruneiThe culture of Brunei is predominantly
Malay, with heavy influences from
Hinduism and
Islam, but is seen as more conservative than
Malaysia. The sale and public consumption of alcohol is banned, with foreigners and non-Muslims allowed to bring in twelve cans of beer and two bottles of spirits every time they enter the country. After the introduction of prohibition in the early 1990s, all pubs and nightclubs were forced to close.
[1]Brunei in fiction
Anthony Burgess's novel
Devil of a State is set in Brunei. The construction of
Bandar Seri Begawan's
Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque is a major theme in the book.
*Directly copied from wikipedia.org*